Other organisms that are generally susceptible include Brucella spp, Chlamydia trachomatis, staphylococci (including penicillinase-producing and methicillin-resistant strains), Mycoplasma spp, and some Mycobacterium spp (but not the etiologic agent for Johne’s disease). These agents have good activity against many gram-negative bacilli and cocci, including most species and strains of P aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp, E coli, Enterobacter spp, Campylobacter spp, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Aeromonas spp, Haemophilus spp, Proteus spp, Yersinia spp, Serratia spp, and Vibrio spp. 1īoth enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin have similar spectrums of activity. 4Įnrofloxacin’s mechanism of action is believed to be inhibition of bacterial DNA-gyrase (a type-II topoisomerase), thereby preventing DNA supercoiling and DNA synthesis. 3 Methicillin-resistant S pseudintermedius present within biofilm have higher MICs, indicating reduced susceptibility to enrofloxacin. In vitro kill assays for enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, have demonstrated an additive response (effect equal to the combined action of each of the drugs used separately) in dog and cat isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enrofloxacin has demonstrated a significant postantibiotic effect for both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and is active in stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication. The bactericidal activity of enrofloxacin is concentration dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20 to 30 minutes of exposure. Pharmacology:Įnrofloxacin is a bactericidal agent. Commonly used to treat dogs, cats and horses and small animals. 2 Species:įDA-approved for use in dogs and cats. The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated enrofloxacin as a Critically Important, Highest Priority, antimicrobial for human medicine. Enrofloxacin is also FDA approved for use in cattle (not dairy cattle or veal calves) and pigs extra-label use is prohibited in food animals. Because of the feline dose restriction (5 mg/kg/day) and because better options are usually available for cats, enrofloxacin is generally used in this species to treat only the most susceptible bacterial infections. The oral formulation of enrofloxacin is FDA approved for use in dogs and cats for the management of bacterial infections susceptible to enrofloxacin. World Health Organization (WHO) Antimicrobial Classification: Critically Important, Highest Priority 1.Should not be used in humans (CNS effects). FDA prohibits extra-label use in food animals.Administration to dogs and cats should be PO, ideally on an empty stomach (unless vomiting occurs).Adverse effects include GI distress, CNS stimulation, crystalluria, or hypersensitivity IV administration can be risky in small animals.Higher doses (greater than 5 mg/kg/day) not recommended in cats may cause blindness.Caution is advised in patients with hepatic or renal insufficiency or dehydration.When possible, use should be avoided in young, growing animals because of the potential negative impact on cartilage development.In dogs, oral bioavailability is better and more predictable than with ciprofloxacin. Veterinary oral and injectable fluoroquinolone antibiotic effective against a variety of pathogens not effective against anaerobes.Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic (Systemic Drug) General Notes:
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